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Research · Offline RL · 2026

ESS / OPE Diagnostics

A first-author paper (ICML 2026 DEMO workshop) making the case that effective sample size measures how concentrated the importance weights are, not how uncertain an off-policy estimate is, backed by controlled experiments, exact ground truth, and coverage checks.

Diagnostic-quality comparison from the ESS and off-policy evaluation benchmark.
Diagnostic-quality comparison from the benchmark artifacts.

Problem

People lean on effective sample size as a reliability check for off-policy estimates, even when the estimator, the reward variance, or the bias makes that reading misleading.

Approach

I set up controlled bandit and tabular-MDP problems with known answers, lined effective sample size up against other estimators, and measured how well the confidence intervals actually cover the truth.

Outcome

The work became a DEMO 2026 poster at the ICML workshop, and the repository turns the argument into diagnostics you can run yourself.